On Heroes, Hero-Worship, & the Heroic in History is a book by the Scottish essayist, historian and philosopher Thomas Carlyle, published by James Fraser, London, in 1841. It is a collection of six lectures given in May 1840 about prominent historical figures. It lays out Carlyle's belief in the importance of heroic leadership.

Representative Men is a collection of seven lectures by Ralph Waldo Emerson, published as a book of essays in 1850. The first essay discusses the role played by "great men" in society, and the remaining six each extol the virtues of one of six men deemed by Emerson to be great:
• Plato ("the Philosopher")
• Emanuel Swedenborg ("the Mystic")
• Michel de Montaigne ("the Skeptic")
• William Shakespeare ("the Poet")
• Napoleon ("the Man of the World")
• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe ("the Writer")